[107] The decomposition of municipal solid waste (a source of landfill gas) and wastewater account for an additional 18% of such emissions. 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This page was last edited on 6 November 2020, at 06:41. Since 2000, shale gas has become a major source of natural gas in the United States and Canada. CNG is a cleaner and also cheaper alternative to other automobile fuels such as gasoline (petrol). Consequently, it may be more economical to burn the gas on site or within a short distance of the landfill using a dedicated pipeline. The specification of each LNG/LPG cargo will usually contain the energy content, but this information is in general not available to the public. [92] The program has been running since the mid-1970s, and seeks to develop LNG and hydrogen variants of the Tu-204 and Tu-334 passenger aircraft, and also the Tu-330 cargo aircraft. In 2011, natural gas furnaces, space heaters, water heaters and stoves were blamed for 11 carbon monoxide deaths in the US. Floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) is an innovative technology designed to enable the development of offshore gas resources that would otherwise remain untapped due to environmental or economic factors which currently make them impractical to develop via a land-based LNG operation. [104][105][106] Natural gas is intentionally released or is otherwise known to leak during the extraction, storage, transportation, and distribution of fossil fuels. Other sources of methane, the principal component of natural gas, include landfill gas, biogas, and methane hydrate. Natural gas was discovered accidentally in ancient China, as it resulted from the drilling for brines. However, with the exception of pesticides, there are usually lower levels of contaminants. [77][112], In absolute terms, natural gas use comprises nearly one quarter of human carbon emissions, and this contribution is growing rapidly. [67] The United States is preparing to export natural gas.[68]. This corresponds to around $7 per million BTU or around $7 per gigajoule (GJ). Natural gas pipelines are impractical across oceans, since the gas needs to be cooled down and compressed, as the friction in the pipeline causes the gas to heat up. [125] Strong growth in the production of unconventional gas from hydraulically fractured wells occurred between 2000 and 2012. These estimates include substantial uncertainties[108] which should be reduced in the near future with improved satellite measurements, such as those planned for MethaneSAT. Gasoline/petrol vehicles converted to run on natural gas suffer because of the low compression ratio of their engines, resulting in a cropping of delivered power while running on natural gas (10–15%).