The fish can reach sexual maturity under culture conditions, but cannot spawn naturally. Grass carp is a low price commodity that is affordable to middle and low income classes in China and other countries. Breeding control was not always regarded as having high importance by every hatchery operator in the past. Screens are mounted on the inner wall for discharging water during the operation. Production costs The production cost of grass carp vary according to the culture practice used but are normally about USD 0.50/kg of fish produced. In India, grass carp are cultured as an important species in pond-based composite systems consisting mainly of Indian major carps and Chinese carps. Ongrowing techniques The most commonly adopted ongrowing techniques for grass carp include polyculture in ponds and pen and cage culture in lakes and reservoirs. Comparatively, it prefers clear water and can move swiftly. In the present study, pseudogenization or frameshift mutations of the umami receptors that hypothesized related to dietary switch in vertebrates, were not found in grass carp, suggesting other mechanisms for vegetarian adaptation in grass carp. It has been introduced to about 40 other countries and there have been limited reports about the natural populations occurring in those areas; for instance, a natural population exists in the Red River in Vietnam. ©2020 ‐ Hatch Accelerator Holding Limited, 7/8 Liberty Street, Cork, T12T85H, Ireland, Hatch Accelerator Holding Ltd, 7/8 Liberty St, Cork, T12 T85H, Ireland; CRO 617308. Individuals of marketable size are selected after netting (a single netting for each harvest). When fed on macrophytes or duckweed grass carp feed for almost 24 hours a day, while only a quarter of the diel cycle is devoted to feeding when fed with pellets or animal based diets (Cui et al., 1995). The normal quantity is 3-5 kg (dry soybean)/100 000 fish daily. The utilisation of natural feeds such as aquatic weeds and terrestrial grasses can reduce these adverse impacts. According to historical records, the culture of grass carp was closely related to the will of the current governor. Pond based polyculture of grass carp does not have much negative impact on environment. Compared to common carp, the culture of grass carp started much later. The use of highly digestible feeds and better feeding practices can also assist. Effective preventive measures, especially a vaccine have been successfully developed and applied. A paste of water peanut, water lettuce and water hyacinth can also be used to replace the above-mentioned feed and fertilisers at the rate of 25-40 kg/100 000 fish daily. This practice is designed to fish tolerance to stress before they are transported. Grass carp not only grow quickly but have a low requirement for dietary protein. Carp are used as food in many areas, but are also regarded as a pest in several regions due to their ability to out-compete native fish stocks. Body elongated and cylindrical, round abdomen, compressed at the rear; standard length is 3.6-4.3 times of body height and 3.8-4.4 times of head length; length of caudal peduncle is larger than the width; head medium; terminal mouth and arch-shaped; upper jaw extends slightly over lower jaw, its rear can reach below eye; snout width is 1.8 times of the length, snout length is about the nasal distance; no palpus; gill rakes short and sparse (15-19); two rows of pharyngeal teeth on each side, laterally compressed, formula 2.5-4.2, inner row stronger, grooves on the lateral surface; scales large and cycloid; extreme 39-46 scales in lateral line, lateral line extends to caudal peduncle. This ensures a constant supply of seed for large-scale farming. Seed collected from the wild is mainly used for maintaining the genetic quality of the broodstock. Eggs are transferred to hatching raceways or jars, either manually or by gravity. Most of the production is marketed fresh, either as whole fish or as pieces. The Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, 751002, Orissa, India. This may result in poor growth performance and less disease resistance. 0 %--Glucides. 5 / 67g restant(e)s. Sodium 2,254g. Feeding is vitally important throughout the fingerling rearing period. Among the common fish species cultured in Hong Kong, grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) appears to be a suitable choice as it is an herbivore and it could endure a higher amount of carbohydrate in diet (Stone, 2003). The feed is changed to duckweed (Lemna minor) when the fish is between 70-100 mm in length. Several nettings are usually carried out before total drain-down of the pond. 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