Studies of their spread over Japan concluded that wind direction and speed aided their dispersal as opposed to anthropogenic forces (Asayama and Nakagome 1992). X. Plants with damaged roots may become stunted and lose yield through reduction of tillers and panicles or because maturity is delayed. J.H. 2009). Fenvalerate was noted as having similar control as carbofuran, with the added bonus of having higher toxicities at low temperatures (Rahim et al. Baton Rouge, LA 70803.
However, research into alternative strategies requires further knowledge of the biology of the insect (Zou et al. K.
2013). Research in plant resistance to rice water weevil began in the early 1960s with variety trials to identify the plants that had the least damage, but larval populations did not differ between the experimental lines and varieties that were tested. The body color appears to be brown/black, but on close examination, four orange/red spots are arranged in a cross on the wing covers. R.
B.
Shang
Registration of carbofuran was cancelled in 2000 because of concerns over resistance and environmental health (Way and Wallace 1992, Bedient et al.
P.
M.R. Yamanaka
Drill seeding involves seeding the dry rice field, irrigating the soil to germinate the seed, and keeping the soil moist for 6 to 8 weeks, at which time the field is then flooded. Pardosa ramulosa (McCook) was found to fit the role of a biological control agent.
Draining rice fields was the first recommended treatment for dealing with rice water weevil because it was assumed that soil dryness contributed to mortality (Isely and Schwardt 1930).
H.
Tindall
D.H. Urtz
Giudici
However, the commercial use of jasmonic acid as an elicitor to reduce damage by rice water weevil is hampered by high costs and lack of reliability (Hamm et al.
2011). Stout
In California, the action threshold is 1 adult rice water weevil found per trap per day in the first seven days of flooding or 1 larva per plant per core (Flint et al. G.W. 2012). Oraze
T.
J. Oraze
Photo by Drees. 1984).
L.D. 2009, Way and Espino 2014). G.C. They then drop down to the soil and burrow toward the roots (Grigarick and Beards 1965) (Fig. Schlenk
Quisenberry
A.S.
Ji
J.H. S.S. N'Guessan
Chaney
Clothianidin (Belay [Valent USA Corp., Walnut Creek, CA]) was registered in 2013 and is gaining acceptance in the marketplace. Rouse
R.D.
Current research at Louisiana State University has looked at the possibility of building up higher guild predators to feed on rice water weevil through the addition of manure to rice fields before flooding. A National Evaluation of Landscape Integrated Pest Management Knowledge and Use in the United States, Biology, Ecology, and Management Strategies for Pea Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Pulse Crops, About Journal of Integrated Pest Management, About the Entomological Society of America, Rice Water Weevil Damage and Susceptibility, California Department of Pesticide Regulation [CDPR] 2000, http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/pur/pur00rep/comrpt00.pdf, http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/pur/pur11rep/comrpt11.pdf, http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/registration/nod/2013-39.pdf, http://apps.cdpr.ca.gov/cgi-bin/label/labrep.pl, http://www.carrb.com/91rpt/Invertebrate.htm, http://ucbiotech.org/resources/factsheets/LibertyLink.pdf, Receive exclusive offers and updates from Oxford Academic, Copyright © 2020 Entomological Society of America. This knowledge of rice water weevil biology and ecology has led to the current methods of sampling and monitoring that have been in place for over 40 yr. Cultural control methods including weed control and increasing field size are acceptable for use on organically certified rice. Evaluation of Fipronil for the control of rice water weevil, Delayed flood for management of rice water weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Effect of common variables in rice production, Rice water weevil control in California rice with Dimilin. 1982). Longitudinal scars on the upper leaf surface indicate their presence in the field, if they are not directly observed. C.
In a U.S. Department of Agriculture report from 1912, the author predicted that the problem was only going to get worse in Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas, as rice wetland acreage increased and replaced the rice water weevil's original marshland habitat (Tucker 1912). 1984). J.
2004c). L. oryzophilus fits this common model.
Cold-Hardiness evaluation of the rice water weevil, Seasonal history and indirect flight muscle degeneration and regeneration in the rice water weevil, Recent advances in biological control of insect pests by entomogenous nematodes in Japan, Grant-in Aid for Developmental Scientific Research Ministry of Education, Notes on the biology of rice water weevil (, Screening selected rice lines for resistance to the rice water weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae), Evaluation of rice tissue culture lines for resistance to the rice water weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae), Evaluation of rice anther culture lines for tolerance to the rice water weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae), Assessment of Louisiana rice breeding lines for tolerance to the rice waterweevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Reproductive status of overwintering rice water weevils, Biological control of Aster Leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) and midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) by, Spider fauna of flooded rice fields in Northern California, Flight response of the rice watwer weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) to simulated habitat conditions, Association of levee vegetation to rice water weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) infestation in California rice, Effect of water management as a control strategy for rice water weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Geographic and seasonal responses of rice water weevil adults to selected insecticides, Effect of temperature on development of rice water weevil eggs, Nitrogen fertilization at the rice panicle differentiation stage to compensate for rice water weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) injury. J. Bunyarat
D.S. 3, Jiang et al. This led researcher to consider Steinernema carpocapsae as a possible biological agent against rice water weevil in Japan.
In the field, dormancy cessation begins when temperatures are above 15–21°C.
J.D. M.J.
The weevil mainly feeds on aquatic and semiaquatic plants in the family Poaceae and Cyperaceae (Tindall and Stout 2003, Lupi et al. Ottea
W.A. Ultimately the goal of this research is to integrate it with other tactics to create an effective management plan that reduces rice water weevil damage below action thresholds (Stout and Davis 2009). Jucker
Properties and potential of natural pesticides from the Neem tree. M. Lupi
Wu
Weevils prefer ovipositing in the younger tissues of the plant, as seen in experiments with second (ratoon) rice crops (Thompson and Quisenberry 1995). Scouting Video
A.A.
D.T. Stout
Adult feeding can kill plants when large numbers of weevils attack very young rice, but this is rare and is usually localized along the field borders.Damage caused by larva: Most economic damage is caused by larvae feeding in or on rice roots. S.
However, it remains to be seen if this combined tactic for weed management is effective. N.P. 2014, Thrash et al. Stout
In colder temperatures, the development cycle of the rice weevil may span more than 32 days. Fortunately, we have yet to see resistance to the current insecticides classes of pyrethroids or neonicotinoids in rice water weevils.
Z.
In Cuba, there was success using Steinernema spp. M.L.
Useful Links
Winter flooding of the field to enhance straw breakdown and provide waterfowl habitat can help with weevil control and reduce populations by about 50%. Larvae pupate in cocoons that are covered with a compact layer of mud and are attached to rice roots. S.M. M.
Jiang
J.F. Rice
L.T. W. Lange
Adult rice weevils are able to fly,[6] and can live for up to two years.